The state is naturally divided by the Ganges( Ganga) River into two regions — the North Bihar Plains and the South Bihar Plains, which together form part of the middle Gangetic Plain. Except for the foothills of the Himalayas in the extreme northwest, the North Bihar Plain is a flat alluvial region, lower than 250 bases( 75 metres) above ocean position and prone to flooding. The Ghaghara, the Gandak, the Baghmati, the Kosi, the Mahananda, and other gutters flow down from the Himalayas of Nepal and make their way to the Ganges in constantly changing channels. Depressions and lakes mark the abandoned courses of courses. The Kosi River, long known as the “ anguish of Bihar ” for its tendency to beget destructive cataracts, has been confined within artificial dikes. The soil of the northern plain consists mainly of new clod — chalky and light- textured( mainly sandy detritus

west of the Burhi( Old) Gandak River and nonchalky and heavy- textured( complexion and complexion detritus
to the east. Another natural hazard — seismic exertion — also affects this area, which lies within the Himalayan earthquake zone. The earthquakes of 1934 and 1988 were especially severe and caused wide desolation and loss of life.

The land of the South Bihar Plain is more varied than that of its northern counterpart, with multitudinous hills rising from the position clod. The southern gutters, with the exception of the Son, are all small; their water is diverted into irrigation channels. The soil consists mainly of aged clod, composed of a dusk complexion or pusillanimous detritus
, with poor, sandy soils predominating toward the south of this region. In the southwest, beyond the Son River dale, lies the Kaimur Plateau, with perpendicular sandstone strata over a limestone base.

Climate
There are three well- defined seasons the hot- downfall season, lasting from March tomid- June; the season of southwest rainstorm rains, frommid- June to October; and the cold- downfall season, from November to February. May is the hottest month, with temperatures regularly exceeding 90 °F( 32 °C), except in the extreme north. The coolest month is January, with temperatures generally rising into the low 70s F( about 22 °C). The normal periodic downfall varies from about 40 elevation(, 000 mm) in the west-central part of the state to further than 60 elevation(, 500 mm) in the extreme north. Nearly all the rain falls between June and October, with July and August being the wettest months. The cold- downfall season is the most affable part of the time.

plant and beast life.

Education
Although the knowledge rate has nearly tripled in the alternate half of the 20th century to nearly half the state’s population, Bihar still ranks low in knowledge among Indian countries. The rate for men is significantly advanced than that for women. The state’s general end is to educate all children at least up to the age of 14. In the early 21st century ultimate of those eligible were enrolled in the primary seminaries. still, only a small proportion were suitable to continue to the secondary position, as profitable necessity forced them to work. Vocational and technical seminaries are patronized by government departments.

he Bhojpuri language has hardly any written literature but does have a considerable oral narrative tradition.

Climate
There are three well- defined seasons the hot- downfall season, lasting from March tomid- June; the season of southwest rainstorm rains, frommid- June to October; and the cold- downfall season, from November to February. May is the hottest month, with temperatures regularly exceeding 90 °F( 32 °C), except in the extreme north. The coolest month is January, with temperatures generally rising into the low 70s F( about 22 °C). The normal periodic downfall varies from about 40 elevation(, 000 mm) in the west-central part of the state to further than 60 elevation(, 500 mm) in the extreme north. Nearly all the rain falls between June and October, with July and August being the wettest months. The cold- downfall season is the most affable part of the time.

plant and beast life
The natural leafage of Bihar is deciduous timber, but only a small portion of the total area is forested. utmost timbers do in the Himalayan foothills; those on the plain have largely been removed in order to cultivate the land. Valuable resin- yielding sal trees( Shorea robusta) are set up in the Himalayan foothills, along with an cornucopia of bamboo, weaklings, and meadows. Common trees of the plain include banyans( Ficus benghalensis orF. indica), Bo trees(F. religiosa), and palmyra triumphs.
Economy of Bihar
Agriculture engages nearly three- fourths of Bihar’s population, and Bihar is one of India’s top directors of vegetables and fruits. Despite significant earnings in mining and manufacturing in the late 20th century, the state has continued to lag behind other Indian countries in per capita income; by government morals, a large member of the population remains below poverty position. At the turn of the 21st century the creation of the state of Jharkhand from Bihar’s southern region further dissembled Bihar’s floundering economy.

Fruits and vegetables are grown vastly. Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga are particularly noted for mangoes, bananas, and litchi fruits. Vegetables are important in the vicinity of large cosmopolises. The potato- growing area near Bihar Sharif, in Patna quarter, produces the swish variety of seed potato in India. Chilies and tobacco are important cash crops on the banks of the Ganges.

resources and power
Bihar’s mineral wealth was nearly depleted when the mineral-rich Chota Nagpur table came part of Jharkhand. Still, there are a numerous pockets in the state where minerals are set up. Bauxite is set up in Munger. The Rohtas quarter has dolomite, glass sand, cement mortar, and other minerals. Mica deposits are set up in Gaya, Nawada, and Munger. Gaya and Munger also produce tar, as does Muzaffarpur.

Bihar’s energy is handed by a small number of thermal and hydroelectric power stations, but these do not meet the conditions of the entire state. Several power stations were lost with the partitioning of Jharkhand. In the early 21st century lower than half of the state’s villages had regular electricity.

Manufacturing
Bihar has been slow to develop sedulity. A number of agencies have been set up by the state government to boost the pace of development. utmost workers in the manufacturing sector are employed in ménage industriousness; the rest are employed in brand and other substance- predicated and food- processing industriousness.

The larger industriousness are mainly in Dalmianagar( paper, cement, chemicals), Baruni( petrochemicals), and Patna( light manufacturing). Among the agriculturally predicated industriousness are sugar refining, tobacco processing, silk product, and jute milling. Traditional cabin industriousness are popular in Bihar; they most especially include sericulture( caregiving of silkworms and raw silk product), lac( resin used to produce shellac) and glasswork, handloom products,